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}} Margitta Gummel (née Helmbold on 29 June 1941) is a German former Olympic gold medalist. She competed for the Unified German team in the 1964 Summer Olympics, East Germany in the 1968 Summer Olympics, and East Germany again at the 1972 Summer Olympics.〔(Margitta Helmbold-Gummel ). sports-reference.com〕 She had a long rivalry with Nadezhda Chizhova of the Soviet Union. Margitta Gummel did not win any medals in the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where she competed in the shot put event. Later, at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, she won a gold medal in the shot put event, and, four years later, a silver medal in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, having been beaten by her rival Nadezhda Chizhova.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Athletics at the 1972 München Summer Games: Women's Shot Put )〕 In the 1968 shot put event, she became the first woman to throw above 19 metres. Gummel also competed for East Germany at the European Athletics Indoor Championships. In 1966, in Dortmund, she placed first in the shot put event. In 1968, this time in Madrid, she placed second in the shot put, beaten by Chizhova. At Sofia, in 1971, she also placed second in shot put, behind Chizhova. She also competed in the European Athletics Championships. At the 1966 Championships, held in Budapest, she placed second in the women's shot put. Chizhova placed first. She later competed in the 1969 Championships, held in Athens, with the same results.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Athens 69, Women's Results )〕 She also participated in the 1971 Championships, held in Helsinki, but this time received third as her rival Chizhova placed first.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Helsinki 71, Women's Results )〕 It was later revealed that Gummel was one of the first East Germans to be administered steroids though she was not given her first dose of Turinabol until 28 July 1968, just under three months before the 1968 Games.〔Wallenchinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Track & Field (Women): Shot Put". In ''The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition''. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 352. ISBN 1845133307〕 A 1997 paper from the journal ''Clinical Chemistry'' reproduces charts from a 1973 DVfl scientific report that plot her Turinabol doses and competition distances for 1968, 1969 and 1972. The 1968 results show a two-metre improvement in the space of the three months leading to her Olympic gold, in a fully trained athlete whose previous results had been consistent. Gummel was administered Turinabol at a dosage of merely 10 mg daily leading up to the 1968 Olympics where her throws improved from 17 m to 19 m in the three-month cycle. In the years following higher dosages of Turinabol were used with performance increasing in a dose dependent manner, and her throws improved to well over the 20m mark. The scientifically produced graphs listed in the 1997 Werner Franke report demonstrate that even when the steroids were stopped there was still a profound "residual" effect from the multiple steroid cycles administered and Gummel's performances were still significantly better off the drugs during breaks compared to 1968 before she had been exposed to them. Simply put, the GDR researchers commented that anabolic steroid use in females produced significant increases in athletic performance that were far superior to years of training naturally. The GDR then began experiments with Turinabol on much younger females at 13–14 years of age, particularly in sports such as swimming. == See also == * Doping in East Germany 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margitta Gummel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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